Different types of testing can be categorized based on the purpose of testing. This can be classified further into Functional Testing and Non Functional Testing. - Functional Testing
In functional testing, the focus of testing activities is on functional aspects of the system. In functional testing, test cases are written to check the expected output. Functional testing is normally performed in all the test phases from unit to system testing.
- Non-Functional Testing
In non-functional testing, the focus of the testing activities is on non functional aspects of the system. Non functional testing is normally carried out during the System Testing phase only. The focus of non functional testing is on the behavior and user experience of the system.
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Software Testing - Penetration Testing
Penetration testing is security testing in which evaluators attempt to circumvent the security features of a system based on their understanding of the system design and implementation. The purpose of penetration testing is to identify methods of gaining access to a system by using common tools and techniques used by attackers. Penetration testing should be performed after careful consideration, notification, and planning. Penetration testing can be overt or covert. These two types of penetration testing are commonly referred to as Blue Teaming and Red Teaming. Blue Teaming involves performing a penetration test with the knowledge and consent of the organization's IT staff. Red Teaming involves performing a penetration test without the knowledge of the organization's IT staff but with full knowledge and permission of the upper management.
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Software Testing - Vulnerability Testing
Vulnerability scanners take the concept of a port scanner to the next level. Like a port scanner, a vulnerability scanner identifies hosts and open ports, but it also provides information on the associated vulnerabilities. Most vulnerability scanners also attempt to provide information on mitigating discovered vulnerabilities. Vulnerability scanners can also help identify out-of-date software versions, applicable patches or system upgrades, and validate compliance with, or deviations from, the organization's security policy. To accomplish this, vulnerability scanners identify operating systems and major software applications running on hosts and match them with known exposures. Scanners employ large databases of vulnerabilities to identify flaws associated with commonly used operating systems and applications.
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Software Testing - Security Testing
Security Testing is very important in today's world, because of the way computer and internet has affected the individual and organization. Today, it is very difficult to imagine world without Internet and latest communication system. All these communication systems increases efficiency of individual and organization by multifold. Since every one from individual to organization, uses Internet or communication system to pass information, to do business, to transfer money it becomes very critical for the service provider to make sure that information and network are secured from the intruders.
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Usability Testing
Software usability testing is an example of non functional testing. Usability testing evaluates how easy a system is to learn and use. There are enormous benefits of the usability testing but still there is not much awareness about the subject.
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Performance Testing
In the current era, when you hardly have any stand alone desktop application Performance, Load and stress Testing becomes key to the success of your application. Performance testing comes under non functional testing. Performance testing is normally used with Load testing and stress testing. Some people even use these terms interchangeably, which is not correct. Common factor among these testing type is the simulated load, but there are subtle difference in performance, load and stress testing. We will explore these in some detail and try to make the difference between these testing clear.
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API Testing
Before dwelling into the subject of API Testing, we should understand what is the meaning of API or, Application Programming Interface. An API (Application Programming Interface) is a collection of software functions and procedures, called API calls, that can be executed by other software applications. API testing is mostly used for the system which has collection of API that needs to be tested. The system could be system software, application software or libraries.
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Internationalization Testing
World is flat. If you are reading this page, chances are that you are experiencing this as well. It is very difficult to survive in the current world if you are selling your product in only one country or geological region. Even if you are selling in all over the world, but your product is not available in the regional languages, you might not be in a comfortable situation. Products developed in one location are used all over the world with different languages and regional standards. This arises the need to test product in different languages and different regional standards. Multilingual and localization testing can increase your products usability and acceptability worldwide.
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Accessibility Testing
Accessibility testing is the technique of making sure that your product is accessibility compliant. There could be many reasons why your product needs to be accessibility compliant as stated above.
Typical accessibility problems can be classified into following four groups, each of them with different access difficulties and issues: - Visual impairments
Such as blindness, low or restricted vision, or color blindness. User with visual impairments uses assistive technology software that reads content loud. User with weak vision can also make text larger with browser setting or magnificent setting of operating system.
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Upgrade & Backward Compatibility Testing
In any software program, new releases or new versions are inevitable. Organization spend lots of money and resources to improvise the existing software. Continuous improvisation is necessary for any software product so that they can remain competitive in the market. On an average, every software is upgraded at least once in every year.
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Regresstion Testing
As some one has said, changes are the only thing constant in this world. It holds true for software also, existing software are either being changed or removed from the shelves. These changes could be due to any reason. There could be some critical defects which needs to be fixed, there could be some enhancements which has to happen in order to remain in the competition.
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Installation Testing
Installation Testing is one of the most important part of testing activities. Installation is the first interaction of user with our product and it is very important to make sure that user do not have any trouble in installing the software. It becomes even more critical now as there are different means to distribute the software. Instead of traditional method of distributing software in the physical CD format, software can be installed from internet, from a network location or even it can be pushed to the end user's machine.
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Testing Types 
